I. System Architecture Overview
A typical Solar-Storage-Charging (PV + ESS + EV Charging) integrated system consists of the following layers:
| Layer | Components | Key Requirements |
|---|---|---|
| Generation | PV array (roof/canopy) | High efficiency, adaptable to various roofs |
| Storage | Battery racks + BMS + Thermal management + Fire safety | High safety, long cycle life, smart O&M |
| Power Conversion | Hybrid inverter / multi-port energy router | High compatibility, grid-forming capability, fast switching |
| Charging | DC fast charger + AC slow charger | Wide voltage range, V2G ready |
| Control | EMS + cloud platform + AI optimization | Strategy optimization, remote O&M, power trading |
| Safety | Fire suppression + gas detection + electrical protection | Active safety, early warning |
Recommended topology: DC-bus coupling (PV, ESS, and chargers share a common DC bus) – highest efficiency, minimizes AC/DC conversion losses. AC-bus coupling is more flexible but has more conversion stages.
II. Core Component Selection & Supplier Recommendations (from ESIE 2026)
1. Battery Energy Storage System
Selection criteria: Cell capacity, cycle life, safety certifications, liquid/air cooling.
| Recommended Supplier | Key Products / Highlights |
|---|---|
| CATL | Tianheng ESS, EnerD DC container, sodium‑lithium dual‑chemistry |
| EVE Energy | 6.9MWh system, residential & large‑format cells, excellent cycle life |
| Gotion High-tech | Qianyuan Zaidao X522/X261 cells, Tier 1 global supplier |
| HTHIUM | Large‑capacity ESS solutions, cost‑effective |
| Ampace | Anxin 300 system (150kW/301.5kWh), LFP‑302Ah cells |
| REPT | Liquid‑cooled modules, C&I all‑in‑one ESS |
Recommendation: For a solar-storage-charging system (typically several hundred kWh to MWh), choose liquid‑cooled LFP batteries with cell capacity ≥280Ah for high energy density and low temperature difference.
2. Power Conversion System (PCS) / Hybrid Inverter
Selection criteria: Grid‑forming capability, wide voltage range, parallel operation, IP rating.
| Recommended Supplier | Key Products / Highlights |
|---|---|
| SUNGROW | C&I liquid‑cooled ESS, solar‑storage‑charging integrated solution, industry benchmark |
| NR Electric | 1250kW grid‑forming PCS (PCS‑9567‑1250), ideal synchronous source technology |
| XJ Electric | 6.88MW modular boost skid (also available in lower power), grid‑forming ready |
| Kehua Data | High‑reliability ESS, experienced in solar‑storage‑charging |
| Hopewind | High‑density, high‑reliability PCS, 2.5MW central liquid‑cooled PCS |
| YUNT | Mars‑145KT, Neptune series (IP66 rugged protection) |
| Nebula Electronics | NEPOWER storage‑charging integrated pile (189kWh battery + 270kW output, V2G & B2G) |
| GOODWE | Commercial hybrid inverters, mature solar‑storage‑charging solutions |
| MEGAREVO | Hybrid inverter expert, residential/industrial ESS solutions |
Recommendation: Choose a hybrid inverter (connecting PV, battery, grid, and loads simultaneously) or a multi‑port energy router. Power rating depends on charger demand – typically 50kW to 500kW.
3. EV Chargers
Selection criteria: Wide output voltage (200‑1000V), dual‑gun/single‑gun, V2G capability, smart dispatching.
| Recommended Supplier | Key Products / Highlights |
|---|---|
| DELTA | Integrated DC charger 60‑240kW, wide voltage, OTA support, IP54 |
| XJ Electric | Integrated DC charger, AC charger, V2G charger |
| Nebula Electronics | NEPOWER storage‑charging pile, 270kW output, dual‑gun, V2G & B2G |
Recommendation: Prefer DC fast chargers (≥60kW) and reserve V2G interface for future vehicle‑grid integration.
4. BMS & Energy Management System (EMS)
Selection criteria: BMS – high SOC/SOH accuracy, active balancing; EMS – multi‑strategy support (peak shaving, demand management, V2G scheduling).
| Category | Recommended Supplier | Highlights |
|---|---|---|
| BMS | BMser, GOLD Electronic, TIANPOWER | Ecological smart BMS, active balancing, large‑cell adaptation |
| BMS | GTN | 2nd‑gen active balancing BMS, integrated high‑voltage box |
| EMS | XYZ Storage | SEC‑2000, AIOPS‑2000 digital platform |
| EMS | XJ Electric | IESS8000 energy management system |
| EMS | Lnxall | SMc1000 source‑grid side EMS, digital EMS2.0 |
| EMS | SHONIS | SULISI EMS cloud platform, supports private deployment |
| EMS | Turing AI Energy | AI EMS, power bidding trading system |
| EMS | DLSOFT | EMS specialist, energy internet solutions |
Recommendation: Adopt an integrated BMS+EMS solution, preferably with cloud platform, AI optimization, and remote upgrade capabilities.
5. Thermal Management (Liquid / Air Cooling)
Selection criteria: Liquid cooling preferred for high power density, low temperature difference.
| Recommended Supplier | Key Products / Highlights |
|---|---|
| TCL | ESS liquid cooling units (high‑voltage cascade, dual‑circuit, C&I dedicated) |
| Envicool | Air‑cooled chillers, mature and reliable |
| TONEY | Liquid cooling units (LCU), industrial AC, dehumidifiers |
| SONGZ | Songzhi Haiku ESS liquid cooling expert |
| BlackShields | ESS environmental solutions |
| XENBO | ESS battery liquid cooling plates (for 587Ah‑1045Ah cells) |
Recommendation: For a liquid‑cooled battery system, use TCL or TONEY cooling units combined with XENBO cold plates for a complete liquid cooling loop.
6. Fire Safety & Protection
Selection criteria: Pack‑level detection + perfluorohexanone suppression + H₂/CO detection + explosion venting.
| Recommended Supplier | Key Products / Highlights |
|---|---|
| Honeywell | ESS fire safety solutions, multi‑dimensional integration |
| Jiandun Fire | Prefabricated ESS fire extinguishing devices |
| GW Safety | One‑stop ESS fire safety early warning |
| PROSENSE | Hydrogen/carbon monoxide sensors, ultra‑early gas detection |
| Fuji Technology | ESS thermal runaway monitoring & automatic extinguishing |
| Qianye Technology | ESS fire system solutions |
| ZKYA | Compressed air foam extinguishing modules |
Recommendation: Deploy Pack‑level perfluorohexanone suppression + cluster‑level composite detection (smoke + heat + gas) + explosion vent panels to meet UL9540A requirements.
7. Electrical Connectors & Cables
| Recommended Supplier | Products |
|---|---|
| PHOENIX CONTACT | Connectors, high‑current connections, industrial Ethernet |
| SANCO | High‑voltage connectors, fiber‑to‑CAN modules |
| Unicom | CCS, FPC, high‑voltage power transmission components |
| WAIN | Rectangular & circular connectors |
| Far East Cable / Xin Hongye | ESS cables, DC contactors, PDU |
8. Enclosures & Cabinets (Containers / Outdoor Cabinets)
| Recommended Supplier | Products |
|---|---|
| CIMC | ESS containers |
| Luyuan Intelligent | C&I ESS cabinets, ESS containers |
| Huachuang New Wind | Explosion‑proof pressure relief & ventilation devices |
| Guangdong Shangkun Industrial | Locks, hinges, handles, casters |
III. Equipment BOM for a 200kWp PV + 500kWh ESS + 4×60kW DC Charger System
| # | Category | Equipment | Specification | Recommended Supplier (from ESIE 2026) | Qty | Unit | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I. PV System | |||||||
| 1 | PV modules | Monocrystalline bifacial double‑glass | 580Wp, efficiency ≥21.5% | LONGi, JinkoSolar, TrinaSolar | 345 | pcs | 200kWp, for carport or rooftop |
| 2 | PV inverter | String inverter | 60kW, ≥6 MPPT, IP66 | SUNGROW, Huawei, GOODWE | 4 | pcs | Or use hybrid inverter (see below) |
| 3 | DC cable | PV1-F 4mm² | Double insulation, weather‑resistant | Far East Cable, Xin Hongye | – | m | Length depends on site |
| II. Energy Storage System | |||||||
| 4 | Battery rack | Liquid‑cooled LFP battery cluster | 314Ah cell, 51.2V, 51.2kWh per cluster | CATL, EVE Energy, Gotion | 10 | clusters | Total 512kWh (usable ~500kWh) |
| 5 | BMS | Master‑slave architecture | Active balancing, SOC accuracy ≤2% | BMser, GOLD Electronic, TIANPOWER | 1 | set | Includes BMU and BCU |
| 6 | PCS / Hybrid inverter | Multi‑module hybrid inverter | 100kW/200kWh module, parallel, grid‑forming | SUNGROW, NR Electric, Kehua | 5 | units | Total 500kW power |
| 7 | EMS | Local controller + cloud platform | AI optimization, peak shaving, demand mgmt, V2G | XYZ Storage, Lnxall, Turing AI | 1 | set | Includes local EMS cabinet + cloud SaaS |
| 8 | Thermal management | Liquid cooling unit | Cooling capacity ≥15kW, dual‑circuit, IP54 | TCL, Envicool, TONEY | 2 | units | N+1 redundancy or as per heat load |
| 9 | Fire safety system | Pack‑level perfluorohexanone + composite detection | Smoke, heat, H₂/CO sensors | Honeywell, Jiandun, GW Safety | 1 | set | Includes agent, piping, controller, vent panels |
| 10 | High‑voltage box / DC combiner | DC combiner cabinet | 1500V, fuses, breakers, SPD | XJ Electric, CHNT, LAZZEN | 1 | unit | Combines PV, ESS, charger DC buses |
| III. EV Charging System | |||||||
| 11 | DC fast charger | Integrated dual‑gun DC charger | 60kW, output 200‑1000V, V2G ready | DELTA, XJ Electric, Nebula | 4 | units | 2 guns each, total 8 guns |
| 12 | Charging operation platform | Cloud platform | QR code, card, remote monitoring, revenue stats | Nebula, TELD (3rd party) | 1 | set | Supplier platform or 3rd‑party |
| IV. Electrical & Connections | |||||||
| 13 | AC grid connection cabinet | Grid interconnection cabinet | Circuit breaker, meter, anti‑islanding | CHNT, LAZZEN, XJ Electric | 1 | unit | Connects to low‑voltage grid |
| 14 | High‑voltage connectors | ESS/charging dedicated connectors | 1500V, 200‑400A, IP67 | PHOENIX CONTACT, SANCO, Unicom | – | set | For battery clusters, PCS, combiner |
| 15 | ESS cables | DC dedicated cables | 1500V, low smoke halogen free | Far East Cable, Xin Hongye, Huaqi | – | m | Length depends on layout |
| 16 | Communication cables | Ethernet/RS485/CAN | Shielded twisted pair, fiber for long distance | PHOENIX CONTACT, UTEK | – | m | For BMS, PCS, EMS communication |
| V. Enclosures & Safety | |||||||
| 17 | Outdoor cabinet / container | 20ft prefabricated skid | IP54, lighting, fire ports | CIMC, Luyuan, Hanxin | 1 | unit | Houses battery racks, PCS, EMS, cooling |
| 18 | PV carport structure | Steel structure | Customized for PV modules | Local contractor | 1 | set | Site‑specific |
| 19 | Explosion venting device | Explosion vent panels, louvers | ATEX certified | Huachuang New Wind, DRAGON INDUSTRIES | 1 | set | Mounted on ESS container |
| 20 | Lightning protection & grounding | SPD + ground bus | Type I/II surge protection | Shenzhen Haitengxin, CHNT | 1 | set | Compliant with standards |
| VI. Monitoring & Auxiliaries | |||||||
| 21 | Environmental monitoring | Temp/humidity, water leak sensors | RS485 output | PROSENSE, Qingzhi Instrument | 1 | set | Inside cabinet environment |
| 22 | Video surveillance | HD IP cameras | 360° PTZ, night vision | Hikvision (3rd party) | 2 | units | Monitor charging & storage areas |
| 23 | Smart meter | Bidirectional meter | Accuracy 0.5S, 485/4G | XJ Electric, Wasion (3rd party) | 2 | units | PV generation & grid connection points |
| VII. Engineering & Services (optional) | |||||||
| 24 | System integration design | Full drawings + construction plan | – | XJ Electric, SUNGROW (EPC) | 1 | item | Can contract a turnkey integrator |
| 25 | Installation & commissioning | On‑site installation & system test | – | Integrator or supplier | 1 | item | – |
| 26 | O&M training | Operation & maintenance training | – | Supplier | 1 | item | – |
IV. Notes & Recommendations
- Capacity configuration: The above BOM is for a typical commercial/industrial scenario (200kWp PV + 500kWh ESS + 4×60kW chargers). Adjust according to actual PV area, charging demand, and transformer capacity.
- Technology priorities:
- Battery: Choose liquid‑cooled LFP with ≥314Ah large cells for high efficiency and long life.
- PCS: Use a hybrid inverter (DC‑coupled) to minimize AC/DC conversion losses.
- EMS: Must support peak shaving, demand management, V2G scheduling – AI‑based prediction is a plus.
- Fire safety: Must include Pack‑level + cluster‑level + enclosure‑level protection.
- Supplier selection: All recommended suppliers are from ESIE 2026. Further filter based on project location, service capability, and cost. For critical components (battery, PCS, EMS), prefer BNEF Tier 1 suppliers (e.g., CATL, SUNGROW, Gotion).
- Cost estimate: Current integrated system cost is approximately 2.0–2.8 RMB/Wh (including equipment, installation, civil works). ESS accounts for ~60%, PV ~15%, chargers ~15%, rest for electrical and auxiliaries.